Plastic Industry Terms
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Term Definition
Octene

A comonomer used in the production used in the production of linear low-density polyethylenes.

Offset Printing

The stress at which the strain exceeds by a specified amount (the offset) an extension of the initial proportional portion of the stress-strain curve. It is expressed in force per unit area, usually pounds per square inch.

Oleamide

An ivory-colored powder used as a slip additive in polyolefins.

Olefins

The group of unsaturated hydrocarbons named after the corresponding paraffins by the addition of the "ene" and "ylene" to the stem. Examples are ethylene, propylene and butenes. Polymers of olefins and sometimes called olefin plastics or polyolefins.

Oligomer

A polymer consisting of only a few monomer units such as a dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc. or their mixtures. Other definitions in the literature place the upper limit of repeating units in an oligomer at about ten.

Optix®

Optix is a continuously processed, high-quality thermoplastic acrylic sheet. Optix is crystal clear, durable, weather resistant and lightweight. It offers ease of fabrication, low heat loss and is available in a variety of colors. Optix is a registered trademark of Plaskolite Inc.

Orange Peel

An uneven surface texture of a plastic article or its finished coating somewhat resembles the surface of an orange, see Melt Fracture.

Orientation

The process of stretching a hot plastic article to align the molecules, thus altering mechanical properties. When the stretching force is applied in one direction, the process is called uniaxial orientation. When stretching is in two directions, the term biaxial origination is used. Upon reheating, an oriented film will shrink in the direction(s) of orientation. This property is useful in applications such as shrink packaging and for improving the strength of molded or extruded articles such as pipe and fibres.

Orifice

In extrusion, the opening in the die formed by the orifice bushing (ring) and mandrel.

Oxidation

In respect to polyethylenes, the reaction of air or oxygen in polyethylene causing the formation of hydroxy groups which affects the physical properties adversely.

Packing

Filling of the mold cavity or cavities as full as possible without causing undue stress on the molds or causing flash to appear on the molding.

Parison

A hollow tube of plastic melt extruded from die head of a blow molding machine and which is expanded within the mold cavity by air pressure to produce the molded part.

Parison Swell

Expansion of the parison as it leaves the die head.

Parting Line

The line formed by the mating surfaces of the mold halves.

Pelletizing

The process of creating pellets by moving a melt flow through an extruder die with a number of uniform holes. As the molten extrudate moves through the holes, it is cut into pellets of uniform size and shape and then cooled.

Pellets

Tablets of uniform size, consisting of resins or mixtures of resins with compounding additives which have been prepared for molding operations by shaping in a pelletizing machine or by extrusion and chopping into short segments.

Perforating

Processes by which plastic film or sheeting is provided with holes ranging from relatively large diameters for decorative effects (by means of punching or clicking) to very small, even invisible, sizes. The latter are attained by passing the material between rollers or plates, one of which is equipped with closely spaced fine needles or by spark erosion.

Permeation

The passage or diffusion or a gas, vapour, liquid, or solid through a barrier without physically or chemically affecting it.

Phenolics, Hindered

A group of primary antioxidants used to protect polyolefins against oxidation and thermal degradation.

Phenoloics

These thermosetting resins are credited with being the first commercialized wholly synthetic polymer or plastic. The basic raw material is usually formaldehyde and phenol. In the uncured and semicured condition, phenolic resins are used as adhesives, casting resins, potting compounds, and laminating resins. As molding powders, phenolic resins can be found in electrical uses.

Phosphite, Organic

A group of antioxidants used to protect polyolefins against oxidation and thermal degradation.

Photodegradation

Degradation of plastics due to the action of light. Most plastics tend to absorb high-energy radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, which results in the formation of free radicals and causes oxidation, cleavage, and other degradative reactions.

Pinch Off

Section of blow mold that seals the end of the parison by pinching off excess material.

Pinhole

Tiny hole in cast, extrusion coating or extruded sheet or blow molded product.

Pinpoint Gate

Gate in an injection mold which is approximately 0.030 inch in diameter. This small gate minimizes the size of the mark left on the molded part.

Pipe And Profile

Extrusion process by which heavywall continuous profiles are produced. Die design determines shape of extrudate and designs range from a simple circular shape to complex window channels and moldings.

Pitch

With respect to extruder screws, the distance from any point on the flight of a screw to the corresponding point on an adjacent flight, measured parallel to the axis of the screw or threading.

Plastic

(adj.) An adjective indicating that the noun modified is made of, consists of, or pertains to plastics. (noun) A material that, in its finished state, contains a synthetic polymer of high molecular weight, is a flexible or rigid solid but not an elastomer in its finished state, and at some stage in its manufacture or processing can be shaped by flow or by in-situ polymerization or curing.

Plastic Deformation

Occurs when an object does not return to its original shape or size after pressure, stress or load is removed.

Plastic Memory

The tendency of a thermoplastic material which has been stretched while hot to return to its unstretched shape upon being reheated.

Plasticate

To impart flexibility in a plastic through the input of heat and mechanical work as in the plasticating of the resin in an extruder or injection molding machine.

Plate-Out

The undesirable deposition of additives or pigments on machinery during processing of plastics.

Platen

The steel plates on a molding machine to which the mold is attached. Two platens are generally used, one being stationary and the other movable and actuated hydraulically or mechanically to open and close the mold.

Plexiglas®

Plexiglas is a crystal clear, lightweight acrylic plastic sheet having outstanding weatherability, high impact resistance, good chemical resistance, and excellent thermo-formability and machinability. Aside from colorless sheet, the two forms of Plexiglas come in a wide variety of transparent, translucent, and opaque colors, as well as in several different surface patterns. Plexiglas is a registered trademark of Arkema, Inc.

Pock Marks

Imperfections on the surface of a blow molded article consisting of irregular contact of the blown parison with the mold surface. Contributory factors are insufficient blowing pressure, entrapment of air or gases, and condensation of moisture on the mold surface.

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